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INTRODUCING THE TOPIC

-          In most cases..

-          Most of the time../ Most often…

-          Genarally speaking../  People usually think  …

-          It’s generally believed that

-          It’ a well known fact that…

-          This is a important question / issue / question….

-          We may wonder( whether)../ to what extent …

-          Let us / we must weigh the pros and the cons of this issue …..

ORGANISING THE PARAGRAPH

a-      Organising one’s ideas:

-          To begin with / Firstly / First of all …

-          Secondly / Then / After that / Next …

-          On the one hand , …..,On the other hand …

-          Lastly / Finally / Eventually …

b-      Giving examples:

-          For instance / For example / such as / like …

-          Let us consider….

-          Let’s take the example of …

-          That is to say…

-          In particular  /  particularly

c-      Mentioning exceptions

-          Apart from / Except / With the exception of / But no

d-     Expressing contrast

-          But / nonetheless / nevertheless / All the same /While / However / Yet / Regardless of / No matter how…

e-      Expressing concession

-          Although / Though / Even though / despite / In spite of

-           

f-       Adding an idea

-          Moreover / Furthermore / In addition (to this) …

-          What is more / besides / As regards / similarly /

-          As we have already mentioned …

      

g-      Explaining result and reasons

-          Because / as /and so / since / the reason why / consequently / therefore / as a result of this…

a-      Emphasising

-          Especially / In particular / Above all / Chiefly / Particularly / In particular …

b-     Not mentioning

-          etc  / and so forth / as well as other similar  things

CONCLUDING

-          In conclusion / To conclude / to sum up / All in all / All things considered / For all these reasons / In short / In brief / In a nutshell / Last but not least / On the whole

PRESENTING ONE’S OPINION

a-      Agreeing

-          I totally agree that ….

-          I am of the same opinion that …

-          Etc

b-     Disagreeing

-          It would be wrong to say that…

-          I do not se it that way

-          We can not ignore / overlook several other aspects of the problem

c-      Partially agreeing

-          This may be true ,but…..

-          It must be admitted / recognised that ..

-          In a sense … /  Up to a certain point

d-     Expressing doubt

-    Anyway  / Anyhow …

-          It is difficult / hard to believe that

-          I wonder whether

e-      Giving opinion

-          I am well aware that

-          We may notice / it may be noticed that

             I believe / suppose / reckon that …

For downloading the file : click here

For downloading the file : click here

Fill in the blanks with the appropriate words from the list (  June, 2007 sc )

Set up  -  find out  -  look after  -  set off  -   fall for

1-      Due to bad weather conditions, the captain of the ship decided not to ……………………….. that day.

2-      I was surprised to ……………………………….. that I had left my car door unlocked for the whole day.

Look up -  turn down  -  give in  -  look after – set off ( June, 2006 sc )

1-      Mrs. Smith is looking for someone to ……………………………….. her baby when she is at work.

2-      She couldn’t …………………………….. the job she was offered a week ago.

 Fill in the gap with the correct phrasal verb ( july 2009 Letters )

Fill in  -  look after – break down – take up – get on – look up

1-      Saida and her eldest sister often …………………………….  their small brother when their mother is out.

2-      The student didn’t ……………………………………. his application form correctly. So, i twas rejected.

3-      This car is too old. It’s likely to …………………………………….. at any time.

Fill in the gap with an appropriate phrasal verb ( July 2008 sc)

Stand for – write down – bring about – look up – look after – apply for – get on

1-      When students find very difficult words in a text, they can ………………them ……………….. in a dictionary.

2-      John asked his wife to …………………………. the job advertised in the newspaper.

3-      The government has introduced a new plan to …………………..important changes in education.

4-       Ali        : What does an NGO ……………………………………….. ?

Hamid : Non Governmental Organisation.  

Fill in the gap with an appropriate phrasal verb ( July 2008  letters )

1-      I’m …………………………….our trip to France. We’re leaving next month.

a) Bringing about           b)coping with            c)looking forward to

2-      Bill proposed to Mary Sue but she……………………………..his proposal.

a)broke down                 b)turned down          c)calmed down

3-      That little boy always ………………………..excuses for being late.

a)makes up                     b)takes up                   c) looks up

Fill in the blanks with the right phrasal verbs    (May 2010 Sc Aga)

               Came across – turned down – put out – told off – gave up - broke out

1-      They threw water on the flames in an attempt to ………………………….. the fire.

2-      He was walking along the street when he ……………………………someone he hadn’t seen for years.

3-      My head aches have been much better since I ……………………….. drinking coffee.

Lock in – turn on – look after – put up with – turn down- put off

1-      Could you please…………………………. The baby while I’m out ?

2-      Many flights were …………………………… due to weather conditions.

3-      Sometimes one has only to …………………………….. some people though they are unbearable.

Look after – put off – stand for – look forward to – bring about – find out

1-      The aim of the familycode in Morocco………………………… changes in social conditions of women and children.

2-      Have you tried to …………………………….. how this machine works ?

3-      I ………………………………….. seeing you again next summer.

4-      The initials WHO ……………………………………… World Health Organisation.

For downloading the file : click here 

For downloading the file : click here

This list shows about 200 common phrasal verbs, with meanings and examples. Only the most usual meanings are given. Some phrasal verbs may have additional meanings.

As well as learning their meanings, you need to learn how to use phrasal verbs properly. Some phrasal verbs require a direct object (someone/something), while others do not. Some phrasal verbs can be separated by the object, while others cannot. Review this phrasal verbs grammar from time to time so that you don't forget the rules!

here are some exercises of linking :

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1. Expressing addition

To add information, you can use these expressions:

in addition, - as well as - moreover - what is more - not only...but also... - furthermore - besides - also - too - and...

• If the project fails this will have terrible consequences not only on our department, but also on the whole organization
• John's grades are terrible because he has been so lazy these days. In addition to this, his relationship to his parents got worse.
• The report is badly written. Moreover, it's inaccurate.

2. Expressing contrast

To express contrast, you can use these expressions:

although - even though - in spite of / despite - however - yet - nevertheless - nonetheless - on the contrary - whereas – while -  on the one hand ...but on the other hand... - conversely - but...

• Brain drain has terrible consequences on the developing countries. Nevertheless, nothing has been done to solve the problem or at least reduce its negative effects.
• In spite of / despite Fred's old age, he goes jogging every morning.
• Although she's very nice, her classmates hate her.
• They have got two children, a boy and girl. The boy looks after his father whereas the girl looks after the mother.

·         While London is exciting, it is much too busy.

·         Life in the city is fast, whereas life in the countryside is slow.

3. Expressing cause and effect

To express cause and effect, you can use these expressions:

consequently - as a consequence - as a result - therefore - because of this - for this reason - because - since - as - for - due to - owing to

• She remained silent, for she was so depressed to talk.
• We can't go to Sue's party because we'll be busy working on our project.
• The plane was delayed because of the foggy weather.
• He had spent most of his time hanging around instead of revising his lessons. Consequently, he had a lot of trouble answering the exam questions.

 4. Expressing purpose

To express purpose use the following words:

in order to - in order not to - sa as to - so as not to - to - not to

• She wakes up early in order to be on time to work.
• They visited him so as to offer their condolences for the death of his wife
• He helped the new policewoman so as not to fail in her first mission.

4. Summarizing

To summarize, you can use the following expressions:

In conclusion - to conclude - to sum up - in a nutshell - in brief - in short - all in all - everything considered...

What is the relationship between the pairs of sentences below  - contrast, addition or reason and result? Use a linking expression to make the relationship between the ideas more clear.

The Trocadero Plaza is popular with shoppers.

The Trocadero Plaza has good public transport.

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Most tourists go to Golden Sands Beach.

Golden Sands Beach is one of the most polluted in the country.

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

I'm going to do a course in Italian next year.

I'm going to improve my Mandarin next year.

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

I'm not very good at languages.

I'm going to do a course in Mandarin next year.

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

I'm quite good at languages.

I'm going to take courses in Korean, Japanese and French next year.

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

The traffic was terrible this morning.

I managed to get to work on time.

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

The traffic was terrible this morning.

I was about 25 minutes late for work.

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Smoking is bad for your health.

Smoking is antisocial because many people find it unpleasant.

Smoking is a waste of money.

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

I don't think Charlie Wong would be a good candidate for this job.

He is hard working and reliable.

He has no experience in this area.

He has never shown the slightest interest in this kind of work.

He is rather old.

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………